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Atmos Chem Phys Ball Continuous Decline in Lower Stratospheric Ozone Offsets Ozone Layer Recovery

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Acknowledgements

X.F. and R.G.P. were supported by NASA grant numbers NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G, NNX11AF17G and NNX16AC98G to MIT. S.P. was supported by the National Strategic Project-Fine particle of the NRF funded by the MSIT, ME and MOHW (grant no. NRF-2017M3D8A1092225). We thank the station personnel at AGAGE stations for continuously measuring atmospheric N2O, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and other referenced species, and R. H. Wang at the Georgia Institute of Technology for producing global monthly mean data of these species from the measurements from individual AGAGE stations. We thank Z. Dai from Harvard University for useful discussions on stratospheric geoengineering.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Xuekun Fang & Ronald G. Prinn

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    John A. Pyle

  3. National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge, UK

    John A. Pyle

  4. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Martyn P. Chipperfield

  5. National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Martyn P. Chipperfield

  6. Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA

    John S. Daniel

  7. Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

    Sunyoung Park

Contributions

X.F. and R.G.P. were responsible for the overall project design. All authors wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xuekun Fang.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Fang, X., Pyle, J.A., Chipperfield, M.P. et al. Challenges for the recovery of the ozone layer. Nat. Geosci. 12, 592–596 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0422-7

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  • DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0422-7

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